{"id":2256,"date":"2020-07-06T10:08:07","date_gmt":"2020-07-06T08:08:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/e-learning-and-ai-state-of-the-art-and-future-trends\/"},"modified":"2022-08-24T12:49:32","modified_gmt":"2022-08-24T10:49:32","slug":"e-learning-and-ai-state-of-the-art-and-future-trends","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/e-learning-and-ai-state-of-the-art-and-future-trends\/","title":{"rendered":"E-LEARNING AND AI: STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE TRENDS"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2256\" class=\"elementor elementor-2256 elementor-2245\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3af74e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3af74e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-402cf77\" data-id=\"402cf77\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fbfca6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4fbfca6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Artificial Intelligence<\/strong>\u00a0(AI) might be safely considered as one of the most promising\u00a0<em>megatrends\u00a0of ICT research <\/em>of the XXI century, given how wide is the array of its possible applications, such as business, healthcare and cybersecurity. The multitude of scenarios and practical situations where AI could be deployed make it a\u00a0<em>General Purpose Technology\u00a0<\/em>(GPT).<\/p><p>AI is a branch of\u00a0<em>computer science\u00a0<\/em>based on the production and deployment of state-of-the-art algorithms, each having the ultimate goal of mimicking in-depth learning processes, thereby enabling the production of new, valuable information, or enabling the user to perform some decisions. If well implemented, artificial intelligences can indeed provide many valuable outcomes, such as:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1033883 sistemo-listati elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"1033883\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">making forecasts<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">supporting decision-making processes made by humans<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">generating objects (i.e. text, music, images etc.)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">recognising speech, text, images and so on<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-775f9cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"775f9cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThere is a fair number of algorithms falling into the scope of AI, including\u00a0<em>machine\u00a0<\/em>and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deep_learning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><em>deep learning<\/em><\/a> ones. Both\u00a0<em>machine\u00a0<\/em>and\u00a0<em>deep learning\u00a0<\/em>algorithms share their learning mechanics, which are based in turn on numeric optimisation processes, such as\u00a0<em>gradient descent<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>backpropagation<\/em>; however,\u00a0<em>machine learning<\/em>\u00a0models are usually set up to solve a narrower set of possible problems.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74468dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"74468dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DEPLOYING AI IN THE E-LEARNING INDUSTRY<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7128bc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7128bc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Since\u00a0<strong>AI technologies\u00a0<\/strong>are generalised in their applications, they are suitable to be deployed in any kind of business context, and therefore, for obvious reasons, they may fruitfully be applied to improve LMS (learning management system) for <strong>e-learning<\/strong>. e-Learning represents a recent\u00a0<em>trend\u00a0<\/em>in the learning industry, it mainly consists on providing remote learning solutions and courses via web platforms, pretty much spanning any field of interest from literature to science.<\/p><p>e-Learning has been a growing market in the last decade and it significantly evolved both in the quality of the services provided by specialised LMS platforms (with great results in terms of customer satisfaction over time) and in the quality of the courses.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3971aa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3971aa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"529\" height=\"447\" src=\"https:\/\/media.pmf-research.eu\/pmf-research.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ai-elearning.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2254\" alt=\"AI, ML E DP\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.pmf-research.eu\/pmf-research.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ai-elearning.png 529w, https:\/\/media.pmf-research.eu\/pmf-research.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ai-elearning-300x253.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f69ecc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f69ecc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">WHY AI CAN IMPROVE E-LEARNING<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8d3282 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8d3282\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Customising individual learning patterns and providing effective customer support are the cornerstones through which&nbsp;AI might play a role in its application to e-learning. LMS can indeed be organised in such a way that, by leveraging on AI solutions, it would be possible to increase the accuracy of customisation techniques, given a sufficiently broad and specific line of courses.<\/p>\n<p>An additional feature of e-learning platforms consists in&nbsp;<em><b>adaptive learning<\/b><\/em>, i.e., a form of training orientation mechanism which helps the students to find the most interesting course in the platform given their knowledge basis or their academic background. With&nbsp;<em>adaptive learning<\/em>, also contents are managed and balanced, so that each student can really fit on his or her learning curve.<\/p>\n<p>e-Learning&nbsp;platforms often provide courses and material for a multitude of fields of interest, and because of this, provided that the number of contents might be considerably high, some students would end up being confused and not able to orientate themselves correctly. This happens especially for people who are not experienced with the platform.<\/p>\n<p>Orientation is not just a fancy add-on to the e-learning platform, it is a need for students; developing an intelligent orientation system might be a great source of value for the business running the platform. That\u2019s a first and strikingly important opportunity to deploy&nbsp;Artificial Intelligence in e-learning. The underlying concept relies on embedding a certain kind of algorithm to be fed with data produced by the interaction of the student with the website, thus detecting topics of interest for him and outputting advices on next courses to follow.<\/p>\n<p>Technically speaking, these results might be obtained by means of a&nbsp;<em>recommendation system<\/em>, which is a state-of-the-art unsupervised&nbsp;<em>deep learning&nbsp;<\/em>model, having the ability to create arrays of recommendations for the interacting users and help them making decisions (e.g., buying some product or, in our case, selecting a course to attend).<\/p>\n<p>Using&nbsp;<em>recommendation systems&nbsp;<\/em>in online platforms is actually nothing new for many successful companies (such as Youtube and Amazon) and its application in e-learning field proves to be very useful. In order to be effective in the context of an LMS, a&nbsp;<em>recommendation system&nbsp;<\/em>would do better if fed with more data (in this case, course contents); this implies that a good platform should be endowed both with AI solutions and with a considerable amount of contents to provide.<\/p>\n<p>Another aspect of fundamental importance is to&nbsp;offer assistance to the learner&nbsp;in difficulty. In this area, the application of artificial intelligence still finds a very interesting and useful research field.<\/p>\n<p>The learner may need to have information on the individual courses or more generally on the use of the LMS platform.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43a15e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"43a15e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">E-LEARNING AND CHATBOTS<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-765c287 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"765c287\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chatbots are artificial intelligences based on semantics whose purpose is to interact with people visiting the website. The way a chatbot works stems from a certain combination of\u00a0<em>reinforcement learning\u00a0<\/em>algorithms (i.e., the training logic of proper, physical robots) and\u00a0<em>Natural Language Processing\u00a0<\/em>(NLP). Chatbots can elaborate both written text and speech, thus producing answers accordingly and, by means of that, holding a meaningful conversation with the user. To this last extent, imagining chatbots as an industry-standard for customer support is quite straightforward.<\/p><p>Chatbots are already used in LMS for technical customer support, however, the future challenge will be to turn them into \u201cintelligent tutors\u201d for attendants, i.e. programs which would be able to replicate the actions of a human teacher and to provide feedbacks and advice to learners. Although this shall be a complex operation, leveraging on big data will allow chatbots to interact in an \u201cintelligent\u201d way with users.<\/p><p>It should come as no surprise that chatbots are actually pretty much used by several businesses operating in many industries, however, the next challenge for the improvement of bots will be to train them in such a way that they could eventually enable customised support on single course contents, sourcing course-specific information and interacting with the learning student while he or she is attending, although this kind of technology would require quite big efforts to be implemented.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78f0731 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"78f0731\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-142d39b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"142d39b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>During the last two decades, Artificial intelligence has been growing and improving tremendously: what once was considered to be hard to implement (see Neural Networks and\u00a0<em>deep learning<\/em>) is now produced on a mass scale and is continuously improved. There is no doubt that the future of AI and its applications is quite bright right now, but the main engine of growth will always be through businesses, especially the most scalable ones.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Artificial Intelligence\u00a0(AI) might be safely considered as one of the most promising\u00a0megatrends\u00a0of ICT research of the XXI century, given how wide is the array of its possible applications, such as business, healthcare and cybersecurity. The multitude of scenarios and practical situations where AI could be deployed make it a\u00a0General Purpose Technology\u00a0(GPT). AI is a branch [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2249,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2256","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artificial-intelligence","category-journal"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2256","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2256"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2256\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4134,"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2256\/revisions\/4134"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2256"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2256"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2256"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}