{"id":4471,"date":"2022-11-24T11:31:32","date_gmt":"2022-11-24T10:31:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/?p=4471"},"modified":"2024-12-10T12:38:05","modified_gmt":"2024-12-10T11:38:05","slug":"digital-twin-industry40-iot-ai-machine-learning-ar-vr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/digital-twin-industry40-iot-ai-machine-learning-ar-vr\/","title":{"rendered":"Digital twin: what is a digital twin and why it\u2019s revolutionising Industry 4.0"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4471\" class=\"elementor elementor-4471 elementor-4437\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8833812 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8833812\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fe2e929\" data-id=\"fe2e929\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e15913d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e15913d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>According to the strategy consulting firm <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gartner.com\/en\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Gartner<\/strong><\/a>, among the trends of the next decade will be the &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/uk-en\/topics\/what-is-a-digital-twin\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>digital twin<\/strong><\/a>&#8220;. A digital twin is a virtual, smart replica of products, processes, people, places, infrastructure, systems and devices.<\/p><p>In today\u2019s society, it is used to develop &#8220;<strong>predictive models<\/strong>&#8221; in real time, thanks to which improvements can be experienced without the physical product. The fields of application, after all, are endless and in <strong>Industry 4.0 <\/strong>a digital twin can really make a difference.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a269e29 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"a269e29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;,&quot;h4&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__a269e29\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__a269e29\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__a269e29\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-152b5d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"152b5d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Digital twin: meaning and features<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cc95fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4cc95fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A digital twin is, indeed, a digital representation of an object, a service, a system or part of it; it is processed using <strong>machine learning (ML)<\/strong> and <a href=\"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/servizi\/artificial-intelligence\/\"><strong>artificial intelligence (AI)<\/strong><\/a>, the combination of which makes it possible to simulate information about the asset, future performance and reactions under certain conditions.<\/p><p>A digital twin is an highly complex <strong>virtual model<\/strong> of a car, a plane, a bridge, a building, etc. and it&#8217;is based on the idea that a set of bits can somehow replace a physical entity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00029a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"00029a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">History<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfbda19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dfbda19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The term digital twin was first used by the researcher <strong>Michael Grieves<\/strong> in <strong>2001<\/strong> during a <strong>Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)<\/strong> course at the <a href=\"https:\/\/umich.edu\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>University of Michigan<\/strong><\/a>. Today, Grieves works as Chief Scientist for Advanced Manufacturing at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fit.edu\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Florida Institute of Technology<\/strong><\/a>; according to him, a digital twin was the virtual equivalent of a physical product.<\/p><p>Grieves also spoke of a <em>Mirrored Spaces Model<\/em>, understood as a dynamic representation of reality where the real and virtual dimensions are connected. In fact, according to the researcher, a necessary condition for the existence of a digital twin is the fact that there are:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a549969 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"a549969\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">physical products in the real space;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">virtual products in the virtual one;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">systems linking the data flow between the two spaces.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e28b62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e28b62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A <strong>virtual 3D model<\/strong>, for example, allows engineers to simulate and validate the feasibility of a project or to investigate conflicts and critical issues more quickly and economically. Thanks to digital twins, it is possible to test and understand how the products one wants to realise will behave, without the encumbrance of expensive physical models.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6601a5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6601a5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How the term digital twin spread<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71bbe37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71bbe37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In subsequent publications, the <em>Mirrored Spaces Model<\/em> is referred to as the <em>Information Mirroring Model<\/em>, but it was not until 2011 with the essay <em>Virtually Perfect: Driving Innovative and Lean Products<\/em> <em>through Product Lifecycle Management<\/em> that Grieves first spoke of digital twin to the general public. The proposed definition is: \u00ab<em>A set of virtual information constructs that completely describe a potential or real physical artefact, from the micro atomic level to the macro geometric level<\/em>\u00bb.<\/p><p>Paraphrasing the words of Grieves himself, spoken at a conference in 2002 at which a <strong>Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)<\/strong> centre was proposed, for the first time in the history of mankind a virtual space that existed only in people&#8217;s minds with the digital twin comes to life in the SSDs and hard-drives of computers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53916aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"53916aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How design changes thanks to the digital twin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c742389 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c742389\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>With the concept of digital twins, the need to build a physical 3D model or prototype, as used to be done in the past, is dispensed with (at least initially). Digital twins, indeed, allow a better understanding of the system itself and its behaviour.<\/p><p>In other words, a digital twin is an invaluable source of information that makes it possible to predict what the product will be like and, therefore, what improvements, if any, need to be made.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-449c4ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"449c4ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1400\" height=\"760\" src=\"https:\/\/media.pmf-research.eu\/pmf-research.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Digital-twin-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-4444\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.pmf-research.eu\/pmf-research.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Digital-twin-2.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/media.pmf-research.eu\/pmf-research.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Digital-twin-2-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media.pmf-research.eu\/pmf-research.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Digital-twin-2-1024x556.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/media.pmf-research.eu\/pmf-research.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Digital-twin-2-768x417.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee81f44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ee81f44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Industry 4.0 paradigm<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-267cbf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"267cbf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If we look at the <strong>Industry 4.0<\/strong> paradigm, which can be translated into an horizon of automation, information, connection and programming, the digital twin fits in perfectly. It is in fact made possible by a mix of technologies (<a href=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-gb\/resources\/cloud-computing-dictionary\/what-is-the-cloud\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">cloud computing<\/a>, Internet of Things, machine learning, artificial intelligence, etc.) that introduce new development concepts under the banner of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joeducation.eu\/digital-disruption-digital-transformation-what-it-entails\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>digital disruption<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p><p>Industry 4.0 corresponds to the transition from one production system to another, called &#8220;bimodal&#8221; because it is governed by two ecosystems: one physical, real, concrete and tangible and the other digital, intangible, virtual.<\/p><p>The digital twin, therefore, is a child of its time and as such also invests <strong>Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)<\/strong>, which emerge from it distorted and, in some cases, improved thanks to machine learning models of natural language and virtual copies of the neural maps of animals or, even, people.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca78e32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ca78e32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Digital twin and ethical implications<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c714670 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c714670\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gartner states that already today almost all companies (around 48%) use digital twins. Well, some companies are already working on plans to create <strong>digital twins of people<\/strong> that would allow, in the near future, their minds to be uploaded onto the web, thus making them immortal.<\/p><p>Of course, all this would obviously have <strong>ethical implications<\/strong> and, at that point, even the concept of death itself would be questioned. However, at the moment, the best application of the digital twin concerns the <strong>manufacturing sector<\/strong>, which benefits from it in terms of process improvement.<\/p><p>The digital twin \u201cenables\u201d <strong>predictive maintenance<\/strong>, avoiding production stops, excessive energy consumption and substandard performance. Scaling models is no easy task and, certainly, creating virtual models of entire factories takes time and dedicated resources. At the same time, however, the digital twin and Industry 4.0 more generally represent the challenge of the future.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd2feec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dd2feec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Digital twin in company<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1e5021 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1e5021\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The digital twin model is already adopted in different sectors: from logistics to health care to retail, etc.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6999b9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6999b9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Automotive<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-615ca73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"615ca73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tesla.com\/en_gb\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Tesla<\/strong><\/a> is one of the companies in the <strong>automotive<\/strong> industry that has invested the most in the digital twin to improve its processes.<\/p><p>In fact, the US company makes a digital twin of every car it produces. The sensors in the real car transmit data to its digital counterpart, which is analysed by <strong>sophisticated algorithms<\/strong> that can offer information on vehicle performance and recommendations on how to improve it.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-231d634 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"231d634\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Oil &amp; Gas<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bf21d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6bf21d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Within the <strong>Oil &amp; Gas<\/strong> sector, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sartec.it\/en\/about-us\/our-history\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Saras Ricerche e Tecnologie (SARTEC)<\/strong><\/a> develops solutions to improve process and performance efficiency. Specifically, the project aims to create a digital twin of the <strong>Sarroch refinery<\/strong>&#8216;s pump fleet. Thanks to a large number of <strong>IoT sensors<\/strong>, the company will be able to enable &#8220;<strong>predictive maintenance<\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e8b6fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1e8b6fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Energy<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ded10b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ded10b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the field of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ippo-engineering.eu\/en\/renewable-energies-software-how-to-optimise\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>renewable energy sources<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenelectric.ie\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>General Electric<\/strong><\/a> has created digital twins of its wind turbines. When the real <strong>turbine turns<\/strong>, it communicates with the virtual one, providing data on ignition, rotation speed and electrical power output.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c45e5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c45e5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Smart city<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-801cff1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"801cff1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Probably not many people know this, but there is a digital twin of the city <strong>Singapore<\/strong>. In this case, we speak of <strong>digital twinning<\/strong>, a special form of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-medine.org\/twinning-meaning-benefits-eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>twinning<\/strong><\/a> that helps urban planners better understand how a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joeducation.eu\/the-smart-cities-in-our-next-future\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>smart city<\/strong><\/a> works.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ce258c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ce258c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Retail<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd79ab3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd79ab3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In <strong>retail<\/strong>, the digital twin helps retailers optimise stock, select materials, inventory goods and manage logistics flows. All this, combined with customer purchasing data, can help to make predictions about consumer behaviour and thus to devise optimal sales strategies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d95a43f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d95a43f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Healthcare<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d80f2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d80f2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the field of <strong>healthcare<\/strong>, the <strong>tranSMART Foundation<\/strong> project by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dell.com\/en-uk\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Dell Technologies<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biomeris.it\/servizi\/i2b2\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>i2b2<\/strong><\/a> collected millions of data on the effects of <strong>long COVID<\/strong>. The goal: to test different types of treatment in a completely safe way on digital twins.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-069d537 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"069d537\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Entertainment<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75863a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"75863a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Needless to say, one of the goals of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.meta.com\/it\/en\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Meta<\/strong><\/a>, the holding company that owns <strong>Facebook<\/strong>, <strong>Instagram<\/strong> and <strong>WhatsApp<\/strong>, is to create <strong>avatars<\/strong>, i.e. digital copies of human beings, to be used in recreational (and other) settings. In this regard, at Meta Connect 2022, Zuckerberg&#8217;s multinational company unveiled the future of the metaverse: Codec Avatar, a technology capable of reproducing people as faithfully as possible in the form of 3D avatars, aka digital twins.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95c5c2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"95c5c2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sport<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cf2edc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7cf2edc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the world of sport, a digital twin can help teams, such as <strong>Formula 1<\/strong> teams, to develop winning tactics and strategies for use on the track. Solving age-old problems, such as those affecting a car&#8217;s hydraulic system, can sometimes make all the difference.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fd8a45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1fd8a45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1400\" height=\"760\" src=\"https:\/\/media.pmf-research.eu\/pmf-research.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Copertina-Digital-twin2-standard-width-14asdl-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-4462\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.pmf-research.eu\/pmf-research.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Copertina-Digital-twin2-standard-width-14asdl-2.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/media.pmf-research.eu\/pmf-research.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Copertina-Digital-twin2-standard-width-14asdl-2-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media.pmf-research.eu\/pmf-research.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Copertina-Digital-twin2-standard-width-14asdl-2-1024x556.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/media.pmf-research.eu\/pmf-research.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Copertina-Digital-twin2-standard-width-14asdl-2-768x417.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d76974a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d76974a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Digital twin in Italy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d232e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d232e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/?georedirect_none=true\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Capgemini Research Institute<\/strong><\/a> report <a href=\"https:\/\/www.capgemini.com\/insights\/research-library\/digital-twins\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Digital Twins: Adding Intelligence to the Real World<\/em><\/a>, most Italian companies use digital twins in their <strong>environmental sustainability<\/strong> programmes. However, more than 60% say they will use digital twins to improve their performance in general.<\/p><p>Thanks to their ability to recreate real life situations in virtual environments, digital twins help <strong>SMEs<\/strong> to manage resources more efficiently, reduce CO2 emissions and increase employee safety. According to the report, companies that are already using a digital twin have experienced an average improvement in performance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85bea9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"85bea9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">GeminiPort: a local digital twin project<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b8a4d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b8a4d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Following the example of the <strong><em>Port Lab 4.0 &#8211; Digital Twin<\/em><\/strong> project of the <strong>Port of Genoa<\/strong>, the partnership formed by the companies <a href=\"https:\/\/ht-apps.eu\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>HT Apps<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.netsenseweb.com\/en\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>NetSense<\/strong><\/a> proposed <strong><em>GeminiPort<\/em><\/strong>, a sophisticated simulation platform for port and logistics processes, which integrates different technologies such as <a href=\"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/servizi\/blockchain\/\"><strong>blockchain<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/servizi\/internet-of-things\/\"><strong>IoT<\/strong><\/a>, for the <strong>Port of Catania<\/strong>.<\/p><p>GeminiPort aims to revolutionise technologies for the testing, development and management of port processes, improving the efficiency and safety of activities, through new operational procedures such as:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f89edfb elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"f89edfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">remote maintenance and diagnostics;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">simulation of operations in hazardous locations;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">use of prototypes in the design phase.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-796963a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"796963a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The system, still under development, will be offered in the form of <strong>Digital-Twin-as-a-Service (DTaaS)<\/strong>, producing results on demand and offering developers a higher level of abstraction than the canonical framework.<\/p><p>HT Apps, specifically, will be responsible for creating an interface that can be used both on desktop and mobile devices and that can provide port authorities with the information they need to improve productivity; for example, it will allow them to understand where vehicles are allocated, identify the best routes and manage the entry and exit of goods.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd06977 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fd06977\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1400\" height=\"760\" src=\"https:\/\/media.pmf-research.eu\/pmf-research.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sd.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-4467\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.pmf-research.eu\/pmf-research.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sd.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/media.pmf-research.eu\/pmf-research.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sd-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media.pmf-research.eu\/pmf-research.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sd-1024x556.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/media.pmf-research.eu\/pmf-research.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/sd-768x417.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-827709d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"827709d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trust in PMF Research<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe7454f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe7454f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If you are looking an expert consultants in the fields of <a href=\"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/servizi\/augmented-reality-and-virtual-reality\/\"><strong>augmented reality and virtual reality<\/strong><\/a>, AI, IoT, blockchain and big data, who can guide you towards innovative solutions and help you develop and implement a digital twin, rely on <a href=\"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/\"><strong>PMF Research<\/strong><\/a> and HT Apps, two well-known companies in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jogroup.eu\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>JO Group<\/strong><\/a> cluster. Contact us compiling the form below or via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/p-m-f-s-r-l-\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>LinkedIn<\/strong><\/a>, we are waiting for you.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>According to the strategy consulting firm Gartner, among the trends of the next decade will be the &#8220;digital twin&#8220;. A digital twin is a virtual, smart replica of products, processes, people, places, infrastructure, systems and devices. In today\u2019s society, it is used to develop &#8220;predictive models&#8221; in real time, thanks to which improvements can be [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":4441,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-big-data","category-vr-ar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4471","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4471"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4471\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5928,"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4471\/revisions\/5928"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4441"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4471"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4471"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmf-research.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4471"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}